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	The Weng'an biota and the Ediacaran radiation of multicellular eukaryotes
	Xiao, Shuhai1; Muscente, A. D.1; Chen, Lei2,3; Zhou, Chuanming4; Schiffbauer, James D.5; Wood, Andrew D.6; Polys, Nicholas F.6; Yuan, Xunlai2
	2014-12-01
发表期刊	NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
ISSN	2095-5138
卷号	1期号:4页码:498-520
摘要	The rise of multicellularity represents a major evolutionary transition and it occurred independently in multiple eukaryote clades. Although simple multicellular organisms may have evolved in the Mesoproterozoic Era or even earlier, complex multicellular eukaryotes began to diversify only in the Ediacaran Period, just before the Cambrian explosion. Thus, the Ediacaran fossil record can provide key paleontological evidence about the early radiation of multicellular eukaryotes that ultimately culminated in the Cambrian explosion. The Ediacaran Weng'an biota in South China hosts exceptionally preserved eukaryote fossils, including various acanthomorphic acritarchs, pseudoparenchymatous thalli, tubular microfossils, and spheroidal fossils such as Megasphaera, Helicoforamina, Spiralicellula, and Caveasphaera. Many of these fossils have been interpreted as multicellular eukaryotes, although alternative interpretations have also been proposed. In this review, we critically examine these various interpretations, focusing particularly on Megasphaera, which has been variously interpreted as a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, a unicellular protist, a mesomycetozoean-like holozoan, a volvocine green alga, a stem-group animal, or a crown-group animal. We conclude that Megasphaera is a multicellular eukaryote with evidence for cell-to-cell adhesion, a flexible membrane unconstrained by a rigid cell wall, spatial cellular differentiation, germ-soma separation, and programmed cell death. These features are inconsistent with the bacterium, unicellular protist, and mesomycetozoean-like holozoan interpretations. Thus, the surviving hypotheses, particularly the stem-group animal and algal interpretations, should be further tested with additional evidence. The Weng'an biota also hosts cellularly differentiated pseudoparenchymatous thalli with specialized reproductive structures indicative of an affinity with florideophyte red algae. The other Weng'an fossils reviewed here may also be multicellular eukaryotes, although direct cellular evidence is lacking in some and phylogenetic affinities are poorly constrained in others. The Weng'an biota offers many research opportunities to resolve the life histories and phylogenetic diversity of early multicellular eukaryotes and to illuminate the evolutionary prelude to the Cambrian explosion.
关键词	Ediacaran Period Doushantuo Formation Weng'an biota multicellularity eukaryotes animals algae
DOI	10.1093/nsr/nwu061
语种	英语
关键词[WOS]	NEOPROTEROZOIC DOUSHANTUO FORMATION ; PRECAMBRIAN ANIMAL LIFE ; GIANT SULFUR BACTERIA ; YANGTZE GORGES AREA ; SOUTH CHINA ; GUIZHOU PROVINCE ; RED ALGAE ; ACANTHOMORPHIC ACRITARCHS ; GAOJIASHAN LAGERSTATTE ; EXPERIMENTAL TAPHONOMY
资助项目	US National Science Foundation[EAR-1124062] ; US National Science Foundation[EAR-1250800] ; Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology[2013CB835000] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41272011] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41130209] ; Chinese Academy of Sciences[KZZD-EW-02]
WOS记录号	WOS:000356860000015
项目资助者	US National Science Foundation ; Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; Chinese Academy of Sciences
出版者	OXFORD UNIV PRESS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.nigpas.ac.cn/handle/332004/14175
通讯作者	Xiao, Shuhai
作者单位	1.Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geol & Paleontol, State Key Lab Palaeobiol & Stratig, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China 3.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Earth Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geol & Paleontol, Key Lab Econ Stratig & Palaeogeog, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China 5.Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA 6.Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Adv Res Comp, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Xiao, Shuhai,Muscente, A. D.,Chen, Lei,et al. The Weng'an biota and the Ediacaran radiation of multicellular eukaryotes[J]. NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW,2014,1(4):498-520.
APA	Xiao, Shuhai.,Muscente, A. D..,Chen, Lei.,Zhou, Chuanming.,Schiffbauer, James D..,...&Yuan, Xunlai.(2014).The Weng'an biota and the Ediacaran radiation of multicellular eukaryotes.NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW,1(4),498-520.
MLA	Xiao, Shuhai,et al."The Weng'an biota and the Ediacaran radiation of multicellular eukaryotes".NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW 1.4(2014):498-520.

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