Patterns and processes of latest Ordovician graptolite extinction and recovery based on data from south China
Xu, C (陈旭); Melchin, MJ; Sheets, HD; Mitchell, CE; Fan, JX (樊隽轩)
2005-09-01
发表期刊JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY
ISSN0022-3360
卷号79期号:5页码:842-861
摘要

We have studied the pattern of graptolite species turnover during the latest Ordovician mass extinction based on four continuous Ashgillian to earliest Llandovery sections together with data from more than 30 other published sections. The studied sections represent relatively shallow-water and deeper-water belts in the Yangtze Platform region. Using temporally scaled range data, species diversities and extinction and origination probabilities have been calculated using several analytical methods, including, a capturemark-recapture method. We test the statistical significance of these results and the apparent taxonomic selectivity of extinction and origination via Monte Carlo simulations and contingency analysis. Graptolite species diversity within the Yangtze Platform rose steadily during the late Ashgill, until in the mid-late Paraorthograptus pacificus Chron, when rising extinction risk overtook origination. Diversity dropped to very low levels during the early Hirnantian when extinction probabilities attained significantly elevated rates for a period of 600-900 Ky. The period of high extinction risk was followed immediately by a short period of very high origination probability. A second, short period of high extinction risk occurred at the end of Hirnantian time. The Hirnantian extinction events marked a change from relatively low, steady origination and extinction probabilities to a prolonged period of elevated extinction risk and highly variable origination probability that extended well into the Rhuddanian. Extinction and origination was highly selective during the Hirnantian and favored both the survival and diversification of the Normalograptidae relative to the Dicranograptidae, Diplograptidae, and Orthograptidae. The main phase of extinction in the latest Rawtheyan and early Hirnantian was coincident with continental glaciation in the Southern Hemisphere. The resulting changes in ocean circulation and oxygenation appear to have almost completely eliminated the preferred habitat for most graptolite species. The Yangtze Platform region, however, may have served as a refugium for many taxa that disappeared earlier in other regions as well as a host site for the initiation of graptolite rediversification. Following the end of the glaciation, conditions favorable for graptolite proliferation were restored but graptolite communities remained unstable for much of the late Hirnantian and early Rhuddanian. Accordingly, the Hirnantian mass extinction appears to have fundamentally altered graptolite species dynamics as well as clade dominance patterns. A full understanding of the history of life requires an expanded, hierarchical theory of evolution that gives to mass extinctions (and other levels of selection) an appropriate role in determining clade and diversity histories.

语种英语
关键词[WOS]Capture-mark-recapture ; Mass Extinction ; Silurian Boundary ; Isotope Stratigraphy ; Global Correlation ; Dobs Linn ; Glaciation ; Diplograptacea ; Evolution ; Scotland
WOS研究方向Paleontology
WOS类目Paleontology
WOS记录号WOS:000231517500002
出版者PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://ir.nigpas.ac.cn/handle/332004/695
专题中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所
其他
通讯作者Xu, C (陈旭)
作者单位1.Acad Sinica, Nanjing Inst Geol & Paleontol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China
2.St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
3.Canisius Coll, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14208 USA
4.SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Xu, C ,Melchin, MJ,Sheets, HD,et al. Patterns and processes of latest Ordovician graptolite extinction and recovery based on data from south China[J]. JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY,2005,79(5):842-861.
APA Xu, C ,Melchin, MJ,Sheets, HD,Mitchell, CE,&Fan, JX .(2005).Patterns and processes of latest Ordovician graptolite extinction and recovery based on data from south China.JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY,79(5),842-861.
MLA Xu, C ,et al."Patterns and processes of latest Ordovician graptolite extinction and recovery based on data from south China".JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY 79.5(2005):842-861.
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